Postscript

Author:

Sommer Marianne1

Affiliation:

1. University of Lucerne

Abstract

The long history of relating diagrams revealed in the book does not crystallize into a linear development, such as from chain to tree to net. There were different kinds in competition at all times and compounds of elements from various types. Net structures were early diagrams to capture natural orders, trees may still transport the meaning of a progressive and serial arrangement or evolution, while chains in natural history multiplied to form ‘trees’, nets, or other three-dimensional structures. Trees and maps were often combined, and tree-like shapes incorporated network aspects. Anthropological diagrams might have been inspired by religious and secular genealogies and maps, breeding pedigrees, even arbores consanguinitates, and by forms used in natural history more generally as well as in other sciences like linguistics and embryology. Although particular diagrams are strongly associated with specific conceptions, and even while they are always part of political practices, there was no universal alignment of, for instance, a tree diagram with, for example, a belief in the existence of clearly demarcated ‘races’. At the same time, the diagrams that relate humans in physical, evolutionary, and genetic anthropology have been connected to programs to collect human substances such as bones and blood. In the postscript I look at current issues and controversies surrounding such collections and once again think about the nature of relating diagrams. I conclude by examining some intriguing artworks that shed further light on these themes.

Publisher

Open Book Publishers

Reference642 articles.

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2. Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms;Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Arnold, Michael L.; Baiz, Marcella D.; Cahill, James A.; Cortés‐Ortiz, Liliana; Evans, Ben J.; Grant, B. Rosemary; Grant, Peter R.; Hallgrimsson, Benedikt; Humphreys, Robyn A.; Jolly, Clifford J.; Malukiewicz, Joanna; Percival, Christopher J.; Ritzman, Terrence B.; Roos, Christian; Roseman, Charles C.; Schroeder, Lauren; Smith, Fred H.; Warren, Kerryn A.; Wayne, Robert K.; Zinner, Dietmar;Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews,2019

3. American Philosophical Society Library (APS)

4. Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.). Ernst Haeckel Online Briefedition, Ernst Haeckel Haus Jena, https://haeckel-briefwechsel-projekt.uni-jena.de/de (EHA Jena)

5. King’s College London Archives (KCL)

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