Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides

Author:

Liang Spencer C.1,Tan Xiang-Yang2,Luxenberg Deborah P.1,Karim Riyez2,Dunussi-Joannopoulos Kyriaki1,Collins Mary1,Fouser Lynette A.1

Affiliation:

1. Inflammation

2. Antibody Technologies Group, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA 02140

Abstract

Th17 cells are a distinct lineage of effector CD4+ T cells characterized by their production of interleukin (IL)-17. We demonstrate that Th17 cells also expressed IL-22, an IL-10 family member, at substantially higher amounts than T helper (Th)1 or Th2 cells. Similar to IL-17A, IL-22 expression was initiated by transforming growth factor β signaling in the context of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines. The subsequent expansion of IL-22–producing cells was dependent on IL-23. We further demonstrate that IL-22 was coexpressed in vitro and in vivo with both IL-17A and IL-17F. To study a functional relationship among these cytokines, we examined the expression of antimicrobial peptides by primary keratinocytes treated with combinations of IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-17F. IL-22 in conjunction with IL-17A or IL-17F synergistically induced the expression of β-defensin 2 and S100A9 and additively enhanced the expression of S100A7 and S100A8. Collectively, we have identified IL-22 as a new cytokine expressed by Th17 cells that synergizes with IL-17A or IL-17F to regulate genes associated with skin innate immunity.

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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