Maturation, Activation, and Protection of Dendritic Cells Induced by Double-stranded RNA

Author:

Cella Marina1,Salio Mariolina1,Sakakibara Yoichi1,Langen Hanno1,Julkunen Ilkka1,Lanzavecchia Antonio1

Affiliation:

1. From the Basel Institute for Immunology, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland; Hoffmann-La Roche AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; and the National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300, Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

The initiation of an immune response is critically dependent on the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). This process is triggered by surface receptors specific for inflammatory cytokines or for conserved patterns characteristic of infectious agents. Here we show that human DCs are activated by influenza virus infection and by double-stranded (ds)RNA. This activation results not only in increased antigen presentation and T cell stimulatory capacity, but also in resistance to the cytopathic effect of the virus, mediated by the production of type I interferon, and upregulation of MxA. Because dsRNA stimulates both maturation and resistance, DCs can serve as altruistic antigen-presenting cells capable of sustaining viral antigen production while acquiring the capacity to trigger naive T cells and drive polarized T helper cell type 1 responses.

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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