Recessive inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in children with COVID-19 pneumonia

Author:

Zhang Qian123ORCID,Matuozzo Daniela23ORCID,Le Pen Jérémie4ORCID,Lee Danyel123ORCID,Moens Leen4ORCID,Asano Takaki1ORCID,Bohlen Jonathan23ORCID,Liu Zhiyong1ORCID,Moncada-Velez Marcela1ORCID,Kendir-Demirkol Yasemin1ORCID,Jing Huie5ORCID,Bizien Lucy23ORCID,Marchal Astrid23ORCID,Abolhassani Hassan67ORCID,Delafontaine Selket89ORCID,Bucciol Giorgia8ORCID,Abel Laurent,Abolhassani Hassan,Aiuti Alessandro,Akcan Ozge Metin,Al-Muhsen Saleh,Al-Mulla Fahd,Alkan Gulsum,Anderson Mark S.,Andreakos Evangelos,Arias Andrés A.,El Bakkouri Jalila,Baris Feldman Hagit,Belot Alexandre,Biggs Catherine M.,Bogunovic Dusan,Bolze Alexandre,Bondarenko Anastasiia,Bousfiha Ahmed A.,Bozdemir Sefika Elmas,Brodin Petter,Bryceson Yenan,Bustamante Carlos D.,Butte Manish J.,Casari Giorgio,Christodoulou John,Colobran Roger,Condino-Neto Antonio,Constantinescu Stefan N.,Cooper Megan A.,Dalgard Clifton L.,Desai Murkesh,Drolet Beth A.,El Baghdadi Jamila,Emiroglu Melike,Erdeniz Emine Hafize,Espinosa-Padilla Sara,Fellay Jacques,Flores Carlos,Franco José Luis,Froidure Antoine,Gregersen Peter K.,Grimbacher Bodo,Gulhan Belgin,Haerynck Filomeen,Hagin David,Halwani Rabih,Hammarström Lennart,Heath James R.,Henrickson Sarah E.,Hsieh Elena W.Y.,Husebye Eystein,Imai Kohsuke,Itan Yuval,Jabandziev Petr,Jarvis Erich D.,Karamitros Timokratis,Karbuz Adem,Kisand Kai,Ku Cheng-Lung,Lau Yu-Lung,Ling Yun,Lucas Carrie L.,Maniatis Tom,Mansouri Davood,Maródi László,Metin Ayse,Meyts Isabelle,Milner Joshua D.,Mironska Kristina,Mogensen Trine H.,Morio Tomohiro,Ng Lisa F.P.,Notarangelo Luigi D.,Novelli Antonio,Novelli Giuseppe,O'Farrelly Cliona,Okada Satoshi,Okamoto Keisuke,Tüter Öz Şadiye Kübra,Ozcelik Tayfun,Pan-Hammarström Qiang,Papadaki Maria,Pape Jean W.,Parlakay Aslinur Ozkaya,Perez de Diego Rebeca,Perlin David S.,Pesole Graziano,Planas Anna M.,Pokorna Petra,Prando Carolina,Pujol Aurora,Quintana-Murci Lluis,Ramaswamy Sathishkumar,Renia Laurent,Resnick Igor,Rivière Jacques G.,Rodríguez-Gallego Carlos,Sancho-Shimizu Vanessa,Sediva Anna,Seppänen Mikko R.J.,Shahrooei Mohammed,Shcherbina Anna,Slaba Katerina,Slaby Ondrej,Snow Andrew L.,Soler-Palacín Pere,De Somer Lien,Spaan András N.,Tancevski Ivan,Tangye Stuart G.,Abou Tayoun Ahmad,Thanos Dimitris,Turvey Stuart E.,Uddin K M Furkan,Uddin Mohammed J.,van de Beek Diederik,Vermeulen François,Vinh Donald C.,von Bernuth Horst,Wauters Joost,Wouters Carine,Yahsi Aysun,Kanik Yuksek Saliha,Zatz Mayana,Zawadzki Pawel,Su Helen C.,Casanova Jean-Laurent,Bayhan Gulsum Ical10ORCID,Keles Sevgi11ORCID,Kiykim Ayca12ORCID,Hancerli Selda13ORCID,Haerynck Filomeen14ORCID,Florkin Benoit15ORCID,Hatipoglu Nevin16ORCID,Ozcelik Tayfun17ORCID,Morelle Guillaume18ORCID,Zatz Mayana19ORCID,Ng Lisa F.P.20ORCID,Lye David Chien21222324ORCID,Young Barnaby Edward212324ORCID,Leo Yee-Sin21222324ORCID,Dalgard Clifton L.2526ORCID,Lifton Richard P.272829ORCID,Renia Laurent202330ORCID,Meyts Isabelle8ORCID,Jouanguy Emmanuelle123ORCID,Hammarström Lennart6ORCID,Pan-Hammarström Qiang6ORCID,Boisson Bertrand123ORCID,Bastard Paul12331ORCID,Su Helen C.5ORCID,Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie123ORCID,Abel Laurent123ORCID,Rice Charles M.4ORCID,Zhang Shen-Ying123ORCID,Cobat Aurélie123ORCID,Casanova Jean-Laurent1233132ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 1

2. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France 2

3. University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France 3

4. Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 4

5. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 6

6. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 7

7. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 8

8. Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 5

9. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 9

10. Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 10

11. Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey 11

12. Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey 12

13. Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey 13

14. Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, PID Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium 14

15. Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Citadelle, Liége, Belgium 15

16. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 16

17. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent-Ankara, Turkey 17

18. Department of General Pediatrics, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France 18

19. Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 19

20. A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 20

21. National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore 21

22. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 22

23. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 23

24. Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 24

25. The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 25

26. Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 26

27. Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 27

28. Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 28

29. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 29

30. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 30

31. Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France 31

32. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 32

Abstract

Recessive or dominant inborn errors of type I interferon (IFN) immunity can underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in unvaccinated adults. The risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in unvaccinated children, which is much lower than in unvaccinated adults, remains unexplained. In an international cohort of 112 children (<16 yr old) hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, we report 12 children (10.7%) aged 1.5–13 yr with critical (7 children), severe (3), and moderate (2) pneumonia and 4 of the 15 known clinically recessive and biochemically complete inborn errors of type I IFN immunity: X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency (7 children) and autosomal recessive IFNAR1 (1), STAT2 (1), or TYK2 (3) deficiencies. Fibroblasts deficient for IFNAR1, STAT2, or TYK2 are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. These 15 deficiencies were not found in 1,224 children and adults with benign SARS-CoV-2 infection without pneumonia (P = 1.2 × 10−11) and with overlapping age, sex, consanguinity, and ethnicity characteristics. Recessive complete deficiencies of type I IFN immunity may underlie ∼10% of hospitalizations for COVID-19 pneumonia in children.

Funder

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Rockefeller University

St. Giles Foundation

National Institutes of Health

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

Clinical and Translational Science Award

Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures

Mercatus Center at George Mason University

Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics

GSP Coordinating Center

National Human Genome Research Institute

Yale High Performance Computing Center

Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation

JPB Foundation

Meyer Foundation

French National Research Agency

Investments for the Future

Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence

Foundation for Medical Research

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales

European Union’s Horizon 2020

Square Foundation

Grandir - Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, Fondation du Souffle

SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science

Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale

University of Paris

Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease

George Mason University

G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation

Bawd Foundation

Francois Wallace Monahan Postdoctoral Fellowship

European Molecular Biology Organization

Imagine Institute

Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller

Intramural Research Program

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Regione Lazio

Research Group Projects 2020

Research Foundation—Flanders

CSL Behring

KU Leuven

Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Jeffrey Modell Foundation

European Research Council

National Medical Research Council

A*STAR COVID-19 Research funding

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Albert Ellis Institute

Cabildo Insular de Tenerife

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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