NAIP proteins are required for cytosolic detection of specific bacterial ligands in vivo

Author:

Rauch Isabella1,Tenthorey Jeannette L.1,Nichols Randilea D.1,Al Moussawi Khatoun2,Kang James J.1,Kang Chulho3,Kazmierczak Barbara I.24,Vance Russell E.153

Affiliation:

1. Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720

2. Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510

3. Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720

4. Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510

5. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720

Abstract

NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain [NBD] leucine-rich repeat [LRR]–containing proteins) exhibit diverse functions in innate and adaptive immunity. NAIPs (NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory proteins) are NLRs that appear to function as cytosolic immunoreceptors for specific bacterial proteins, including flagellin and the inner rod and needle proteins of bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs). Despite strong biochemical evidence implicating NAIPs in specific detection of bacterial ligands, genetic evidence has been lacking. Here we report the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to generate Naip1−/− and Naip2−/− mice, as well as Naip1-6Δ/Δ mice lacking all functional Naip genes. By challenging Naip1−/− or Naip2−/− mice with specific bacterial ligands in vivo, we demonstrate that Naip1 is uniquely required to detect T3SS needle protein and Naip2 is uniquely required to detect T3SS inner rod protein, but neither Naip1 nor Naip2 is required for detection of flagellin. Previously generated Naip5−/− mice retain some residual responsiveness to flagellin in vivo, whereas Naip1-6Δ/Δ mice fail to respond to cytosolic flagellin, consistent with previous biochemical data implicating NAIP6 in flagellin detection. Our results provide genetic evidence that specific NAIP proteins function to detect specific bacterial proteins in vivo.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Austrian Science Fund

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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