Life-threatening influenza pneumonitis in a child with inherited IRF9 deficiency

Author:

Hernandez Nicholas1,Melki Isabelle234ORCID,Jing Huie5,Habib Tanwir6ORCID,Huang Susie S.Y.6ORCID,Danielson Jeffrey5,Kula Tomasz7,Drutman Scott1,Belkaya Serkan1,Rattina Vimel89ORCID,Lorenzo-Diaz Lazaro89,Boulai Anais4,Rose Yoann4,Kitabayashi Naoki4,Rodero Mathieu P.4,Dumaine Cecile23,Blanche Stéphane2,Lebras Marie-Noëlle10,Leung Man Chun6,Mathew Lisa Sara6,Boisson Bertrand189,Zhang Shen-Ying189,Boisson-Dupuis Stephanie189,Giliani Silvia11ORCID,Chaussabel Damien6,Notarangelo Luigi D.5ORCID,Elledge Stephen J.712,Ciancanelli Michael J.1ORCID,Abel Laurent189ORCID,Zhang Qian1,Marr Nico6ORCID,Crow Yanick J.491314ORCID,Su Helen C.5ORCID,Casanova Jean-Laurent128915ORCID

Affiliation:

1. St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY

2. Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France

3. General Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France

4. Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Paris, France

5. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

6. Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

7. Division of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

8. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France

9. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

10. Pediatric Pulmonology, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France

11. Angelo Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

12. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

13. Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

14. Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France

15. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY

Abstract

Life-threatening pulmonary influenza can be caused by inborn errors of type I and III IFN immunity. We report a 5-yr-old child with severe pulmonary influenza at 2 yr. She is homozygous for a loss-of-function IRF9 allele. Her cells activate gamma-activated factor (GAF) STAT1 homodimers but not IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) trimers (STAT1/STAT2/IRF9) in response to IFN-α2b. The transcriptome induced by IFN-α2b in the patient’s cells is much narrower than that of control cells; however, induction of a subset of IFN-stimulated gene transcripts remains detectable. In vitro, the patient’s cells do not control three respiratory viruses, influenza A virus (IAV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These phenotypes are rescued by wild-type IRF9, whereas silencing IRF9 expression in control cells increases viral replication. However, the child has controlled various common viruses in vivo, including respiratory viruses other than IAV. Our findings show that human IRF9- and ISGF3-dependent type I and III IFN responsive pathways are essential for controlling IAV.

Funder

National Center for Research Resources

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The Rockefeller University

St. Giles Foundation

French National Research Agency

Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale

Paris Descartes University

National Institutes of Health

Qatar National Research Fund

Fondation Bettencourt Schueller

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

European Research Council

Publisher

Rockefeller University Press

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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