Effect of Vitamin A on Fracture Risk

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To describe current data evaluating the effect of vitamin A intake on fracture risk. DATA SOURCES A literature search using MEDLINE (1966–March 2005) was conducted using the search terms bone density, fractures, osteoporosis, retinol, and vitamin A to identify published studies evaluating the effects of vitamin A on bone. DATA SYNTHESIS Studies evaluating vitamin A consumption and fracture risk were reviewed. Current data suggest a potential inverse relationship between excess vitamin A consumption and bone mineral density leading to an increased risk for fracture. CONCLUSIONS Although current data are limited, consumption of large amounts of vitamin A may be associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Until further information is available, patients should be made aware of the potential risks of consuming vitamin A in amounts that exceed the recommended dietary allowance. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin A and fracture risk.