Fomepizole as an Antidote for Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of fomepizole in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in the absence of hemodialysis. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–May 2001) of English-language literature pertaining to the use of fomepizole in ethylene glycol poisoning was performed. Key search terms included fomepizole, ethylene glycol poisoning, and hemodialysis. References cited in those articles were also evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results from a number of case reports and a prospective trial suggest that fomepizole is a safe and effective antidote in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: Case reports and 1 prospective trial have shown that, in the absence of both renal dysfunction and significant metabolic acidosis, the use of fomepizole should obviate the need for hemodialysis. However, the decision to add hemodialysis in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning based on plasma ethylene glycol concentrations is still debatable. A randomized, controlled trial is needed to determine the exact criteria for adding hemodialysis.