Possibilities of non-invasive neuromodulation in rehabilitation

Abstract

This article describes the physical basis and clinical capabilities of various non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques in the rehabilitation of patients. Neuromodulatory techniques can improve the patient’s recovery by influencing the processes of neuroplasticity. Modern non-invasive neuromodulation includes TES therapy, magnetic therapy, TCMP, EHF therapy, as well as one of the most promising methods — rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is assumed that TMS has a modulating effect on the regulation of the functions of the autonomic nervous system, cerebral vascular reactivity, activity of the immune system, in addition to affecting the electrophysiological parameters of neurons, also affects the facilitation of sprinting, neurogenesis. In addition, TMS causes inhibition in nociceptive trigeminothalamic neurons. The methods of non-invasive modulation of neuroplasticity are based on neurophysiological processes of activation and inhibition in the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as the possibility of their regulation by various components of electromagnetic effects. Non-invasive methods of neuromodulation can be combined with other methods of therapy (drug, physiotherapy, reflexology, massage, manual therapy, etc.). Features of non-invasive neuromodulation methods, their safety and ease of use allow for differentiated use in the clinic of rehabilitation treatment and become an important component of active drug and non-drug rehabilitation of patients. Key words neuroplasticity, non-invasive neuromodulation; non-drug rehabilitation, transcranial magnetic stimulation