Challenges of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Diseases in Low-Resource Countries

Author:

Nweke Michael Chukwugoziem,Okolo Clement Abu,Daous Yara,Esan Olukemi Ayotunde1

Affiliation:

1. From the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (Messrs Nweke and Okolo); and the Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown (Drs Daous and Esan).

Abstract

Context.— The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection varies worldwide. The high-risk viruses are usually associated with cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in women, cancer of the penis in men, and cancers of the anus, tonsils, oropharynx, and base of the tongue in both sexes. Objectives.— To review literature about the challenges and burden associated with HPV infection in low-resource (ie, developing) countries, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa. To review the prevention, incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of HPV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. To review the therapy and management of HPV infections in low-resource countries in comparison to developed countries. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed literature and experience of some of the authors. Conclusions.— Sub-Saharan Africa has high HPV infection prevalence rates, with predominance of high-risk subtypes 16, 18, and 45. The difficulty of access to health care has led to higher morbidity and mortality related to HPV-related cancers. Improvement in screening programs will help in monitoring the spread of HPV infections. Survival studies can be more informative if reliable cancer registries are improved. HPV vaccination is not yet widely available and this may be the key to curtailing the spread of HPV infections in resource-poor countries.

Publisher

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Subject

Medical Laboratory Technology,General Medicine,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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