Optimal Diagnostic Yield Achieved With On-site Pathology Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration–Assisted Core Biopsies for Pediatric Osseous Lesions: A Single-Center Experience

Abstract

Context.— Image-guided, fine-needle aspiration–assisted core needle biopsy with an on-site evaluation by a pathologist (FNACBP) of osseous lesions is not a common practice in pediatric institutions. Objectives.— To evaluate the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of FNACBP for pediatric osseous lesions and to compare the adequacy with procedures that do not use fine-needle aspiration. Design.— Six-year, retrospective review of 144 consecutive children biopsied for osseous lesions with and without fine-needle aspiration assistance. Results.— Pathologic diagnosis was achieved in 79% (57 of 72) of the core biopsies without an on-site evaluation, 78% (32 of 41) of the open biopsies (9 with intraoperative consultation), and 97% (30 of 31) of the FNACBPs as the initial diagnostic procedure. Three FNACBP cases were preceded by nondiagnostic open biopsies. Among 34 lesions sampled by FNACBP, 33 (97%) succeeded with diagnostic tissue, with most (30 of 33; 91%) being neoplasms, including 16 malignant (48%), 13 benign (39%), and 1 indeterminate (3%) lesions. The most-common diagnoses were osteosarcoma (9 of 33; 27%) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7 of 33; 21%). In cases with follow-up information available, 93% (28 of 30) of the FNACBP-rendered diagnoses were clinically useful, allowing initiation of appropriate therapy. The FNACBP procedure had 100% specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value for all 14 malignant lesions, with the sensitivity being 88% in benign lesions. Most FNACBP procedures (32 of 34; 94%) yielded adequate material for ancillary testing. A gradual upward trend was observed for the choice of FNACBP as an initial diagnostic procedure for osseous lesions. Conclusions.— The FNACBP procedure yields sufficient material for diagnosis and ancillary studies in pediatric, osseous lesions and may be considered an initial-diagnostic procedure of choice.