Primary Leiomyosarcoma of Bone: Review and Update

Abstract

Context.— Leiomyosarcoma of bone is a rare primary osseous sarcoma characterized by smooth muscle differentiation and absence of malignant osteoid formation. Leiomyosarcoma of bone is diagnostically challenging; this can be improved with greater awareness of this entity and the ability to differentiate it from its histologic mimics. Because of its rarity, only a small number of studies are available in the literature. These factors contribute to our limited understanding of its pathology, prognosis, and treatment. Objective.— To review the clinicopathologic features of leiomyosarcoma of bone and present the most up-to-date understanding of its behavior and management in accordance with the current literature. Data Sources.— Review of pertinent literature on the major features, current knowledge thereof, and the authors' experience in the diagnosis and management of leiomyosarcoma of bone. Conclusions.— Leiomyosarcoma of bone is a rare but well-recognized primary osseous sarcoma that may arise de novo or in association with radiation. Although it is diagnostically challenging, awareness of this rare sarcoma and knowledge of its key histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features allow for accurate diagnosis.