Overview of trends and prospects of electric transport development in the EU and assessment of economic / «climate» efficiency of electromob operation

Abstract

The share of electric vehicles in the world's total vehicle fleet is growing rapidly, given the urgency of global climate change and the limited resources of fossil fuels. Another important aspect is the impact of the electric vehicles use on the functioning of power systems, for example for voltage regulation, which is important for the functioning of the UES of Ukraine against the background of declining electricity consumption. It should be noted that important feature of EV is the opportunity to change charging consumption during the day. It is possible to remove charging consumption to the night time due to different regulatory and/or stipulating measures. Certain advantages and disadvantages of EV are identified, which allows making an informed choice. In particular, the biggest advantages are the economic and «climatic» efficiency of their operation, and the biggest disadvantages are the high cost of EV and batteries, as well as the limited infrastructure of charging stations. Given technological progress, many shortcomings are becoming less significant. The aim of the article is to analyze the state and prospects of development of the electric car fleet in the EU, as well as to assess the environmental and «climatic» efficiency of EV operation per 1 km. A method for assessing the environmental and «climatic» efficiency of operation of electric vehicles per 1 km is proposed, which allows to determine in which countries these indicators are more favorable for the development of electric transport, and in which it is necessary to use stimulating legislative measures. An assessment of the environmental and «climatic» efficiency of electric vehicles in the EU are given. It is determined that the environmental efficiency of EV operation in Europe is from 9 to 18 eurocents per 1 km. «Climatic» efficiency of EV operation in Europe is from 5 to 20 g of CO2 per 1 km. For comparison, these figures in Ukraine are 15 eurocents per 1 km and 20 g of CO2 per 1 km. Keywords: sustainable transportation development, electric vehicles, energy efficiency, «climate» efficiency