CONFLICT IN THE INTERACTION OF ECONOMY AND NATURE AND THE ROLE OF AGROECOLOGY AS AN IMPORTANT WAY TO PREVENT IT

Abstract

The essence of the antagonism of the relationship between the subjects and objects of human activity that arise in the system “man-society-economy-nature” and their transformation into socio-environmental conflicts is revealed. The latter are characterized by such relations between them, in which each of the parties reflects the opposite position in relation to the impact of the economy on the environment, and vice versa. The place and role in the aggravation of economic and ecological conflicts of the concept of economic growth, which is provided by the advanced increase in the scale and intensity of consumption of the productive force of natural resources, is grounded. The main principles of the concept of sustainable development, based on the parity of relations between man, economy and nature, which neutralizes the emergence of economic and environmental conflicts, are given. The gradual growth of the eco-destructive impact of the economy on the natural resources of agriculture, the main branch of society, is distinguished, the characteristics of each stage are characterized. It is proved that the inconsistency of increasing gross agricultural production in Ukraine with the requirements of sustainable (economically, socially and ecologically balanced) development of the industry has reached the level of anthropogenic load on natural agricultural resources, approaching the limit line with which crisis changes in natural, first of all land, resources begin and become threatening for production and life of people. The place of agroecology in the transition to economically, socially and ecologically balanced development is substantiated, its essence as a branch of science and basic principles is characterized. Differences between industrial-intensive and agri-environmental agriculture are identified. The role of the latter in maintaining and increasing the productive strength of agricultural land in the long run, adapting the industry to climate change and helping to mitigate it, improve human nutrition, reduce unemployment and poverty in rural areas is revealed. Based on the documents of the UN and the European Union, recommendations for measures to implement scientific developments and best practices in the transition from industrial-intensive environmentally destructive to sustainable agri-environmental production in the agricultural policy of Ukraine are formulated.