Physiological Reactivity and Antioxidant Defense System of the Animal Organism Induced by Germanium, Chromium, and Selenium “Nanoaquacitrates” Soil-Remediating Activity of Agroecosystems and Chernozem Fertility Restoration Using Low-Carbon Technologies

Abstract

Aim. To study the state of physiological reactivity of the organism and blood antioxidant defense system of female rats and their offspring under prolonged feeding with “nanoaquacitrates” of germanium, chromium, and selenium. Methods. To accomplish the stated objective we carried out physiological and biochemical studies, using colori- metric methods to study the content of glycoproteins and separate monosaccharides of their carbohydrate com- ponents. The state of antioxidant defense system was studied by the intensity of lipid peroxidation that was also determined using the colorimetric methods based on the content of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products in blood. Results. The intergroup differences in the content of glycoproteins and their carbohydrate components in the blood of female rats and their offspring of both experimental groups have been observed compared against the control. This may indicate approximately the same integrated biological effect of chromium, selenium, germanium in the second group, fed with chromium and selenium citrates along with the drinking water, calculated as 50 μg per 1 kg of body weight (b.w.) for Cr and Se, and germanium citrate – 15 μg Ge per 1 kg of b.w. The fi rst group served as a control; and the third one was fed with chromium and germanium citrates, calculated as 50 μg per 1 kg of b.w. for Cr, and germanium citrate – 15 μg Ge per 1 kg of b.w., which results in the activation of the physiological reac- tivity system. However, the integrated physiological effect of citrate compounds of the three elements – chromium, selenium, and germanium – on the rats of the second group was more signifi cant, as confi rmed by a high probability of differences compared against the control group. The complex of microelements, used in these quantities, dem- onstrates signifi cant antioxidant activity, which is typical for each microelement. Conclusions. Feeding mature, 4–8-month-old, rats (feeding started at 4 months and lasted till the end of the 8 th month) and young, 0–4-month-old, rats (feeding started at birth and lasted for 4 months) with “nanoaquacitrates” of germanium, chromium, and sele- nium causes an increase of physiological reactivity in their bodies, which is evidenced as follows, 1) the increase in the ceruloplasmin content in the blood of mothers and infant rats, in haptoglobin and sialic acids – only in mothers, and in protein-bound hexoses – in infant rats; 2) a reduction in the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the blood of mature females and young rats with lower content of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products in the blood of the animals from experiment groups, which is more signifi cant in females; 3) identical orientation of the integrated physiological effect of chromium, selenium, germanium, and the combination of chromium and germanium on the organism of female and young rats which causes general activation of reactivity of the organism and its antioxidant system that is more vivid for females.