ACADEMICIAN O.G. GOLDMAN IN EXILE. THE LONG AND DIFFICULT WAY TO RETURN TO UKRAINE (Review. Part II)

Abstract

Scientific publications on physics and semiconductor technology made during 1938 – 1940 years by scientists belonging to the scientific school of Academician O.G. Goldman from the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences are systematized and analyzed. It is shown that the main directions of research in this field were performed according to plans agreed with Academician O.G. Goldman before his arrest in 1938. The most important results during this time were achieved in the development and study of the properties of new semiconductor photovoltaic cells based on Ag 2 S, sensitive to the near-infrared radiation. Based on the analysis of the original publications of the time on the creation of new photovoltaic cells at the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences and new photovoltaic cells based on Tl 2 S semiconductor compound in Leningrad PTI, the scientific priority of Ukrainian researchers in developing and studying the properties of photocells is proved. It is shown that in 1938 - 1939 in the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences were continued initiated by Academician O.G. Goldman undertook fundamental research to elucidate the nature of the occurrence of contact high- voltage polarization during the passage of current at low temperatures in the then relevant semiconductors Cu 2 O and Se, as well as the jump of the anode potential in them. These studies later became the experimental basis for the development of the diffusion theory of rectification in metal - semiconductor structures by the future Academician of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences S.I. Pekar at the Institute of Physics. Little-known facts about his life in a settlement in Kazakhstan as well as about evolution of the attitude of his former colleagues are given. The main reasons for not being able to return to scientific work at the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences immediately after his liberation are clarified.