The triad “electrode – solid electrolyte interphase – electrolyte” as a ground for the use of conversion type reactions in lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

The solution to the problem of negative impact on the ecology of fossil fuel consumption is the use of electrochemical energy sources. The special attractiveness has shown of lithium power sources is highlighted and the need to develop new cheap electrode materials and electrolytes with unique properties. The peculiarities of the behavior of lithium and the formation of a layer of reaction products on its surface upon contact with a liquid organic electrolyte have considered. The analysis of the main problems and ways of their solution at use of conversion electrodes of the II type for lithium-ion batteries has carried out. Emphasis is placed on the need to use in the development of new electrode materials of such parameters as capacity loading and accumulated irreversible capacity of the electrodes. The triad “electrode – solid electrolyte interphase – electrolyte” is considered as a basis of a systematic approach to the creation of new generations of lithium power sources. The optimal scenarios have proposed for the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of the electrodes. The advantages of electrolytes based on fluoroethylene carbonate with synergistic acting additives of vinylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite are described. A new strategy for the use of “secondary” silicon nanomaterials to prevent direct contact of its surface with the electrolyte has considered. It has shown that the solid electrolyte interphase is a dynamic system that self-organizes from the unstable state into a stable one. The electrochemical behavior of electrodes with silicon nanocomposites with high capacity loading and low accumulated irreversible capacity has described.