Study of the impregnation kinetics of basalt, carbon, oxide fibers with aluminum melts and its alloys

Abstract

Wetting studies were performed by the sessile drop method using the capillary purification method of melt during the experiment in a vacuum of 2·10-3 Pa in the temperature range of 600–700 oC. The use of a dropper allows separate heating of the melt and the substrate, capillary and thermo vacuum cleaning of the melt, as well as thermo vacuum cleaning of the coatings surface. This is a model scheme of the impregnation process of non-metallic frames with matrix melts in the manufacture of composite materials by spontaneous free impregnation. Vanadium, copper and nickel metals were chosen for the coatings, which were sprayed on the materials by electron beam evaporation of metals in vacuum, and titanium, nickel powders for the coatings were used. The nature of the wetting angle dependence on the film thickness is a linear decrease in the angle with increasing film thickness. Studies have shown the possibility of using double films vanadium–copper, vanadium–nickel for the manufacture of composite materials from basalt fibers. The process of impregnation of basalt, carbon and oxide fibers with aluminum melts and its alloy with silicon in the temperature range 650–700 oC has been studied. The metal titanium, nickel powder coatings and films vanadium–copper, vanadium–nickel for the method of spontaneous free impregnation were used. Speciments of the composite material were obtained and the limit of destruction of these samples was determined. The bend strength of composites (basalt fiber 200 μm) is 270 MPa. Keywords: spontaneous free impregnation, composites, aluminium melts, basalt, carbon, oxide fibers, wetting, metal coatings and coverings.