1. Asher, R. J., Helgen, K. M. 2010. Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 102.
2. Cabrera, A. 1957. Catálogo de mamiféros de América del Sur. Casa Editora "Coni", Buenos Aires.
3. Cope, E. D. 1879. The cave bear of California. American Naturalist, 13, 791.
4. Dampier, W. 1699: Voyages and Descriptions. Volume II in three parts. Part II Mr. Dampier's Voyages to the Bay of Campeachy. J. Knapton, London.
5. Dathe, H. 1968. Der Brillenbär. In: Grzimeks Tierleben. Säugetiere 3. Kindler, Zürich, 1-143.