Experimental Evidence of Spear-thrower Usage in the Late Upper Palaeolithic (Upper Magdalenian) from the Isturitz Cave Site, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France

Author:

Pétillon Jean-MarcORCID, ,Cattelain PierreORCID,

Abstract

Dating the appearance of the spear-thrower and the bow among Paleolithic hunter-gatherers has long been an important concern for prehistoric research. In Western Europe, the direct evidence (antler spear-thrower “hooks” from the Middle Magdalenian ca. 19-16 cal ka BP, and pine arrows from the Ahrensburgian ca. 12-11.5 cal ka BP) suggests that the spear-thrower was replaced, or at least largely superseded, by the bow around the end of the Magdalenian period, but the nature and evolution of the weapons used at the transitional period remains unclear. Unlike point morphometry, the comparative study of the points’ fracture patterns offers interesting perspectives for the identification of the projectile delivery mode; but it was rarely applied, especially to points from that period. Projectile experiments carried out in the Cedarc / Musée du Malgré-Tout in the early 2000s bring new data into this debate. Both spear-thrower and bow were used in conditions replicating Palaeolithic hunting, and the projectiles were equipped with experimental copies of antler fork-based points from the Upper Magdalenian (ca. 16-14 cal ka BP) of the Isturitz cave site. After impact, several experimental specimens show proximal fractures characteristic of spear-thrower use, likely due to the much greater size and mass of the spears compared to the arrows, as well as their more irregular trajectory. Similar fractures are found on many of the archaeological specimens: these points were thus used as spearheads rather than arrowheads. The radiocarbon dating of one antler spear-thrower from Isturitz confirms this association. However, the complementary usage of spear-throwers made of perishable materials is plausible, and the concomitant existence of the bow cannot be ruled out.

Publisher

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Co. LTD Ukrinformnauka) (Publications)

Reference57 articles.

1. Nuzhnyi, D. Yu. 2007. Rozvytok mikrolitychnoi tekhniky v kamianomu vitsi: udoskonalennia zbroi pervisnykh myslyvtsiv. Kyiv: KNT.

2. Arndt, S., Newcomer, M. H. 1986. Breakage Patterns on Prehistoric Bone Points. In: Roe, D. A. (ed.), Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe. Oxford: Archaeopress, p. 165-173.

3. Barshay-Szmidt, C., Costamagno, S., Henry-Gambier, D., Laroulandie, V., Pétillon, J.-M., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Kuntz, D., Langlais, M., Mallye, J.-B. 2016. New Extensive Focused AMS 14C Dating of the Middle and Upper Magdalenian of the Western Aquitaine/Pyrenean Region of France (ca. 19-14 Ky cal BP). Proposing a New Model for Its Chronological Phases and for the Timing of Occupation. Quaternary International, 414, p. 62-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.073

4. Bergman, C. A. 1987. Hafting and Use of Bone and Antler Points from Ksar Akil, Lebanon. In: Stordeur, D. (ed.). La main et l'outil. Manches et emmanchements préhistoriques, Actes du colloque de Lyon, 1984. Paris: CNRS, p. 117-126.

5. Bertrand, A. 1999. Les armatures de sagaies magdaléniennes en matière dure animale dans les Pyrénées. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Cited by 1 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3