Platinum-containing carbon nanostructures for the creation of electrically conductive ceramics using 3D printing of CJP technology

Abstract

Carbon nanostructures (CNS) were synthesized by the electric arc plasma chemical method during the evaporation of a high-quality graphite electrode of the brand “fine-grained dense graphite” (FGDG-7) filled with a catalyst (Pt), which was evaporated in a helium environment. In the synthesis process, the following were synthesized: multi-walled (MWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), fullerenes, graphene packets and nanocomposites. A deposit in the form of growth on the cathode electrode was also synthesized. All synthesis products were analyzed at the micro- and nanolevels, which made it possible to analyze the influence of platinum vapors on the formation of carbon nanomaterials (CNM). The non-uniform distribution of catalyst atoms (platinum) in the products of electrochemical synthesis in a gas medium using FGDG-7 graphite was investigated. During the analysis, it was found that platinum is in the state of the face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice and is distributed in the synthesis products as follows: the core of the deposit is less than < 0.001 %, the shell of the deposit is less than < 1 %, the wall soot is more than > 1 %. The morphology and composition of the platinum deposit, which has a hexagonal graphite structure with an admixture of a rhombohedral graphite phase, was studied. In the studies, differential thermal analysis in air (TG, DTG, DTA) was carried out, which made it possible to identify the composition of the synthesis products. It is an established fact that the parts of the deposit with platinum are more heat-resistant compared to the deposit components that do not contain Pt. The resulting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in diameter (5–25 nm) and length (1.5–2 μm) do not differ from those obtained without the participation of platinum, except for some anomalies. When studying the suitability of platinum-containing carbon nanostructures for 3D printing of CJP (ceramic printing) technology, it was found that for the use of platinum-containing carbon black, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary short-term treatment, namely, grinding in special “ball mills” or rubbing through a fine sieve with minimal effort to create uniformity product. Previous studies have shown that such platinum-containing carbon nanostructures can already be used in 3D printing of CJP technology, or to create new composites for 3D printing technologies of FDM, SLA.