Antiviral Effect of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Model of the Causative Agent of Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Abstract

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2) have a wide range of biological properties, including antiviral activity. Preparations based on cerium oxide nanoparticles can be effective against animal RNA viruses, which have the greatest epizootic significance for Ukraine and potentially against human viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In our studies, we determined the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus that is the etiological agent of bovine viral diarrhea. To determine the antiviral efficacy of CeO2, a cytopathogenic strain of BVDV “BK-1” was used as an etiological agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which induces a cytopathic effect on cow embryo lungs (CEL) cell culture. When evaluating the antiviral efficacy of CeO2, it was determined that the MPC for CEL cell culture is 0.057 μg/cm3, and the CC50 is 0.077 μg/cm3. The antiviral activity of CeO2 was evaluated by the IC50 index, which was 0.036 μg/cm3 and the selectivity index, which after co-administration of CeO2 with BVDV was 2.14. There was a decrease in the titer of infectious activity of the virus during treatment with CeO2 by 2.09 lg TCD50/cm3.