Germanium ion doping of CsPbI3 to obtain inorganic perovskite solar cells with low temperature processing

Abstract

Abstract Although the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 exhibits superior thermal- and photo-stability compared with organic–inorganic perovskites, formation of the photoactive α-phase requires sintering at approximately 320 °C. Herein, we report the partial substitution of Ge2+ ions for Pb2+ as a means of tuning the stability of the material and enabling α-phase formation at 90 °C.