Effect of electric field frequency on double hysteresis loops and energy storage characteristics of Sm/Mn co-doped PMN-PT ferroelectric ceramics

Abstract

Abstract The generation and control of double hysteresis loops in ferroelectrics are of great significance for understanding the polarization reversal and application of energy storage. For Sm/Mn ions co-doped 0.70PMN-0.30PT ceramics, results indicate that when Sm-doping content is 2.5 mol%, the Mn doping content is higher than 2.5 mol% and the frequency of the electric field is higher than 5 Hz, double hysteresis loops can be obtained. Low-frequency measurement can transform the double hysteresis loops into normal hysteresis loops. This phenomenon is analyzed by the difference in polarization reversal kinetics between spontaneous polarization and defect polarization.