Assessment of heavy metals and health implications in borehole water of Shao in Moro LGA, Kwara State

Abstract

Problems of kidney, liver, hypertension and cancer diseases are common this day in some parts of Nigeria among adults which could be due to prolong drinking of water containing high concentrations of heavy metals such as Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, and Manganese. There is a need for creating awareness in the country about the health implications of prolong drinking of water with high concentrations of heavy metals which could cause some severe diseases to man. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of some selected heavy metals in the borehole water of Shao in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in March, 2020 from 6 borehole locations at Shao and physic-chemical properties were analyzed using standard methods. The samples were collected in March during dry season to get the actual contribution of the geological nature of the area for the heavy metals. In March, there is little or no underground water pollution from agricultural wastes, pesticides, industrial wastes and percolation of contaminated runoff. The concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Manganese and Zinc in the samples were 0.003-0.016 (Standard Organisation of Nigeria – SON limit: 0.003), 0.012-0.012 (SON: 0.050), 0.005-0.030 (SON: 1.000), 0.058-0.058 (SON: 0.010), 0.002-0.024 (SON: 0.200), 0.013-0.098 mg/L (SON: 3.000mg/L), respectively. Concentrations of Arsenic and Mercury were not detected in all the 6 boreholes. The concentrations of Cadmium which is toxic to kidney were above the permissible limits of SON in 5 boreholes and Lead that could cause cancer and mental disorder among children were above the permissible limits of SON in one borehole. Borehole water with high concentration of heavy metals should be treated before consumption to prevent some deadly diseases that could affect man.