Quinolone Use as a Risk Factor for Nosocomial Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea

Abstract

AbstractObjective:To determine modifiable risk factors for nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).Design:Case-control study.Setting:300-bed tertiary-care hospital.Participants:Hospital inpatients present during the 3-month study period.Methods:Case-patients identified with nosocomial CDAD over the study period were compared to two sets of control patients: inpatients matched by age, gender, and date of admission; and inpatients matched by duration of hospital stay. Variables including demographic data, comorbid illnesses, antibiotic exposure, and use of gastrointestinal medications were assessed for case- and control-patients. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for nosocomial CDAD.Results:27 case-patients were identified and were compared to the two sets of controls (1:1 match for each comparison set). For the first set of controls, use of ciprofloxacin (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-24.8; P=.03) was the only variable that remained significant in the multivariable model. For the second set of controls, prior exposure to cephalosporins (OR, 6.7; CL,5, 1.3-33.7; P=.02) and to ciprofloxacin (OR, 9.5; CI95, 1.01-88.4; P=.05) were kept in the final model.Conclusions:Along with cephalosporins, prior quinolone use predisposed hospitalized patients to nosocomial CDAD. Quinolones should be used judiciously in acute-care hospitals, particularly in those where CDAD is endemic.