Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanostructure

Abstract

Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanostructure was established as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one pot synthesis of dihydropyridine derivatives via Hantzsch reaction. The synthetic method was mainly used in the presence of Ag2O/GO/TiO2 nano composite as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. This nano composite catalyzed Hantzsch reaction afforded good yields (87–95%) in solvent free condition at 90 °C. A broad range of structurally diverse aldehydes were applied successfully, and corresponding products were obtained in high yields without any byproduct. Compared with other methods, satisfactory results are obtained with high yields, short reaction times, and simplicity in the experimental procedure. Cytotoxic activities for some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by MTT assay in three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, LS180 and Raji). Half of the tested compounds showed good cytotoxicity in Raji cells. Diethyl 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (3 i) was found to be the most potent molecule among the studied 1, 4 dihydropyridines derivatives. Electron withdrawing groups along with heterocyclic rings bearing more hetero atoms seemed to be necessary factors in providing higher cytotoxic activities in Raji cell lines.