Supraoptic nucleus morphological features of the hypothalamus in the skin burn injury dynamics

Abstract

Relevance. The relevance of the study of the large cell nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus in case of skin damage is due to the important role of accompanying reactive changes in the neuroendocrine regulatory complex in stress. Since the hypothalamus is part of neuroendocrine cooperation, it shows pronounced signs of structural disorganization of neurons. The purpose of the study is to study structural changes in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats in the dynamics of thermal burn injury of the skin. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in laboratory mature male rats. To assess the morphological features of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the dynamics of skin burn injury, histological examination methods were carried out. The morphological analysis evaluated the neurotopographic organization of the nucleus and its structural organization. Structural transformations were judged by the shape and location of neurons, by the shape of neuronal pericarions, by the presence of focal gliosis, swelling, spongiosis. Results and Discussion. The results of morphological analysis showed that in the conditions of burn damage to the skin in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, pronounced destructive changes in the form of focal gliosis, swelling, spongiosis, reversible and irreversible damage to nerve cells occurred in the initial post-traumatic period (on days 2-4). Weak structural tissue transformations on days 7-10 after burn exposure reflected the dynamics of repair of damaged nerve cells, testifying to of partial disorganization of nerve cells of a restorative nature. Conclusion. Thus, the revealed structural disorders in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus can be regarded as insignificant, which indicates the complex internal organization of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and its high resistance to damaging exogenous influences. The morphological features of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus confirm the involvement of the neurosecretory apparatus in the process of adaptation to stress against the background of burn exposure, the selective participation of their neurohormones in the regulation of normal and pathological conditions, exerting a wide range of physiological influences in the development of protective and adaptive mechanisms.