PARASITES AND PREDATORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PONDEROSA PINE TIP MOTH, RHYACIONIA ZOZANA (KEARFOTT) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA AND OREGON

Abstract

AbstractSixteen hymenopteran and one dipteran species of parasites were recovered from Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) larvae and pupae collected in California and Oregon. Total percentage parasitism was high, averaging 47.2% in quantitative studies. The ichneumonid wasp, Glypta zozanae Walley and Barron, was the most abundant parasite, attacking over 30% of the hosts collected. Parasitization rates were presented for each parasite species recovered. Two suspected predators, Phyllobaenus binotatus (Chapin) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Leptothorax sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found in association with R. zozana cocoons. A single Aegilips sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) was recovered from a host cocoon; the relation between this parasite and R. zozana is as yet undetermined. Parasite biologies were discussed.