Author:
Archibald S. B.,Rasnitsyn Alexandr P.,Brothers Denis J.,Mathewes Rolf W.
Abstract
AbstractMost major modern families of Hymenoptera were established in the Mesozoic, but the diversifications within ecologically key trophic guilds and lineages that significantly influence the character of modern terrestrial ecosystems – bees (Apiformes), ants (Formicidae), social Vespidae, parasitoids (Ichneumonidae), and phytophagous Tenthredinoidea – were previously known to occur mostly in the middle to late Eocene. We find these changes earlier, seen here in the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil deposits of western North America. Some of these may have occurred even earlier, but have been obscured by taphonomic processes. We provide an overview of the Okanagan Highlands Hymenoptera to family level and in some cases below that, with a minimum of 25 named families and at least 30 when those tentatively assigned or distinct at family level, but not named are included. Some are poorly known as fossils (Trigonalidae, Siricidae, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae), and some represent the oldest confirmed occurrences (Trigonalidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidaesensu stricto, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae, and possibly Halictidae). Some taxa previously thought to be relictual or extinct by the end of the Cretaceous (Angarosphecidae, Archaeoscoliinae, some Diapriidae) are present and sometimes abundant in the early Eocene. Living relatives of some taxa are now present in different climate regimes or on different continents.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Insect Science,Molecular Biology,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Structural Biology
Reference356 articles.
1. Révision du statut de Manevalia pachyliformis Piton, 1940 (Insecta, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera);Nel;Entomologica Gallica,1992
2. Diatomaceous origin of siliceous shale in Eocene lake beds of central British Columbia
3. In search of ant ancestors
4. New and poorly known Cenozoic sawflies of France (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinoidea, Pamphilioidea)
5. A Trigona from late Cretaceous amber of New Jersey (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae);Michener;American Museum Novitates,1988
Cited by
37 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献