The Results of the Study of the Microbiome of Periodontal Pockets in Workers of Industrial Productions with Harmful Factors

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to study the microbiome of periodontal pockets in workers of industries with harmful factors, who have generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods. 91 employees of three industrial productions of the Ivano-Frankivsk region took part in the study: employees of chemical production, glass production, and agro-industrial complex. Material for microbiological research was collected from patients during examinations and before the start of treatment using a cotton swab. Inoculation on transport media was carried out directly in the dental office (semi-liquid sugar agar or on glucose-blood agar in Petri dishes). Results and discussion. From the cultured microflora, 18 bacterial cultures were identified in patients of the main group, and 13 – in the control group. Representatives of the group of cocci bacteria: staphylococci, streptococci, neisseria, and anaerobic cocci constituted the main mass of the cultures sown in the examined subjects. Staphylococci, identified as S. epidermidis and S. aureus, which accounted for 18.21% of the total number of cultured strains, dominated among coccal bacteria in patients of the main group. According to the indicated signs, the isolated non-hemolytic and -hemolytic streptococci were identified as S. mutans, S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, however, due to the difficulty of identification, in the final accounting they were decided to be considered as non-hemolytic and -hemolytic. Due to the antagonistic effect of streptococci in the oral cavity of healthy individuals, escherichia, in particular E. coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas rods are present for a short time and in small quantities. At the same time, in cultures from patients of the main group, the percentage of S. pyogenes was 12.72%, while it was not cultured in healthy people. A significantly lower frequency of isolation in patients of the main group of conditionally pathogenic “oral” streptococci may indicate inhibition of their growth by pathogenic microflora. In the main and control groups, the percentage of P. anaerobius from the number of isolated strains was 9.23  1.45% and 6.25  3.03%, respectively (р<0.05), that is in patients it was by 1.48 times higher. The percentage of bacteroides identified as B. oralis in the main group was by 1.74 times lower and amounted to 4.49  1.03% and 7.81  3.35% in healthy people (р<0.05). Periodontal pathogens P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were cultured only in patients of the main group. In the main group the fungi Candida spp. were 32.72  6.66%, and in healthy people – 14.06  3.35% of the total number of isolated strains (р<0.05). Conclusion. The analysis of the frequency of seeding of certain types of microorganisms in workers of industrial enterprises with harmful factors proved the generalization of the microflora of the periodontal pockets with the progression of the pathological process in the periodontium. Significant microbial insemination of periodontal pockets of patients compared to healthy ones confirmed the influence of harmful factors of industrial production on the development and course of periodontal diseases in workers, which is realized through the stimulation of the growth of dental plaque and the transformation of the composition of the autoflora in an aggressive direction