Morphofunctional Changes in Athletes in the Process of Strength Training at a Specialized Basic Stage in Horting

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to study the influence of training session models different in structure, loads, and means in the process of strength training in horting on the development of strength capabilities and changes in the indicators of the body composition of athletes. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 men aged 19–21, who have been engaged in horting for the past 3.5–4 years. For the practical implementation of the purpose, three experimental groups were formed. The duration of the study was 3 months. Three variants of strength training models were offered. The main difference between the proposed models is the combination of exercise complexes on simulators or with free weight loads with different sequences of using basic and isolating exercises in the conditions of anaerobic alactate or lactate modes of energy supply against the background of load modes of different intensity. Control of changes in the studied indicators occurred with the help of testing methods and bioimpedancemetry. Results and discussion. It was revealed that the greatest development of maximum muscle strength by 63% over three months of research is observed when performing basic exercises in the athletes of the 3rd group. The athletes of this group also demonstrate the greatest growth dynamics of the investigated indicator by 47.6% during the control testing of strength development in isolating exercises. At the same time, the smallest dynamics of development of the investigated strength indicators among the examined contingent over the same period of time, was found in the athletes of the 2nd group. On average, the dynamics of maximum strength development in athletes of the 2nd group is 8% lower compared to the participants of the 3rd group. Control of the nature of changes in the body composition indicators of the participants revealed that only in the athletes of groups 1 and 3 during the study period, we observed a significant decrease in the level of fat mass by an average of 2.6% compared to the initial data. At the same time, only in the representatives of groups 1 and 3, the indicators of lean body mass show positive dynamics to the increase by an average of 4.8% over three months of research. Conclusion. At the stage of special basic training, the use of exercises on simulators in the training session against the background of premature fatigue of the working muscle groups in a series of isolating exercises in the conditions of the anaerobic-glycolytic mode of energy supply, followed by the use of a series of basic exercises in the anaerobic-lactate mode with high-intensity loads contributes to the most pronounced rate of development of strength capabilities and positive changes in the indicators of body composition of athletes