Structural Features of Skin Reparative Regeneration of Mature Rats under the Chronic Hyperglycemia

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the most common condition in the world which is rightly interpreted as a non-infectious pandemic. The wounds are one of most common traumatic injuries, constitute a significant proportion of surgical pathology and are a serious medical problem throughout the world. The disruption of the carbohydrate exchange has a negative impact on the healing process, which can be long and difficult to treat. The problem of repaired damaged skin of various etiologies remains relevant today. The purpose of our research was to study the microstructural and planimetric features of the skin reparative regeneration of mature rats under the chronic hyperglycemia. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 60 white laboratory mature rats: a control group, a group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body. The chronic hyperglycemia was simulated by the single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1 mg/kg). The wound was formed by cutting out a piece of skin in the interscapular region. The studies were performed on the 7, 14 and 21 days after trauma. The light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan), the planimetric analysis was performed using the morphometric program "Digimizer". The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 software package. Results and discussion. The study results showed that the process of the skin regeneration of mature rats with the chronic hyperglycemia is of the unfinished character and reveals as a violation of the epithelialization process, angiogenesis, keratinization and reorganization of connective tissue into a full-fledged dermis. The main features of the process of post-traumatic skin regeneration of rats with chronic hyperglycemia are the prolongation of the reduction of wound area at the all study stages. The wound healing rate in the rats with the chronic hyperglycemia was the largest on the 21st day of the experiment and was (7.69±1.97) mm2 / day, while in control rats the wound healing rate at the end of the experiment was the lowest and amounted to (2.87±0.32) mm2 / day. The wound healing rate were clearly correlated with the dynamics of wound healing in both groups. Conclusion. In our study, we also observed a prolongation of the inflammatory phase and delayed recovery processes in animals with chronic hyperglycemia. In these animals there was a decrease in the rate of wound healing with a weak tendency to increase it at the end of the experiment. In the control group, on the contrary, the rate of wound healing was higher in the initial stages of the study, and decreased in the end. Speed rates were clearly correlated with the dynamics of wound defect healing in both groups