THE STATUS OF HPV TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL CANCER AND HEAD AND NECK TUMORS: EXCHANGE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Eastern Europe and Russia belong to regions with a high level of HPV infection – about 22 % of the population are infected, while there is an uneven distribution of virus species by region and social groups. The most common oncological diseases diagnosed together with HPV are anal cancer – 80 %, vaginal cancer – 70 %, oral and pharyngeal cancer – 30 %, penile cancer – 50 %. Using the example of foreign experience in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the role of various laboratory methods and their combinations in the diagnostic search for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk is shown. The review presents diagnostic capabilities of genotyping, immunocytochemical staining of p16/Ki-67 markers, DNA methylation methods, in situ hybridization on cell blocks, molecular methods of nucleic acid amplification, as well as an express method for determining oncoprotein E6.