A Review on Heavy Metal and Dye Removal via Activated Carbon Adsorption Process

Abstract

Activated carbon could be prepared by using various precursors, which contained carbonaceous materials. In this work, preparation process as well as properties of the obtained activated carbon, removal of heavy metal ions and toxic dyes were reported. The adsorption process was affected under different conditions such as carbonization process, activating agent, adsorbent dose, adsorbate’s concentration, agitation process and the pH value. The adsorption data could be observed well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo second order kinetic, pseudo-first order kinetic, Temkin model and other isotherms, if showed the highest correction efficiency value. The spontaneous (−ΔG), increase in randomness (ΔS), endothermic (ΔH) and exothermic (−ΔH) could be determined via thermodynamic studies.