Exploring the Anionic Surfactant Concentrations and Biological Contamination in Yamuna River: Identifying Potential Sources and Mitigation Strategies

Author:

Arora Jayati1ORCID,Chauhan Abhishek2ORCID,Ranjan Anuj3ORCID,Singh Reetu4ORCID,Ismail Khatib Sayeed5ORCID,Dimri Amita G.6,Biswas Rima7,Jindal Tanu2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida-201313, India

2. Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida-201313, India

3. Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida-201313, India Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

4. Department of Chemistry, S.S.V. (P.G.) College, Hapur-245101, India

5. Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

6. Microbiology Laboratory, Sriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19 University Road, Delhi-110007, India

7. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440020, India

Abstract

Anionic surfactants in the river, particularly downstream in Delhi, have created massive foam-like conditions which may be harmful to aquatic life and humans that come in contact. The present study focussed on the quantification of anionic surfactants, biological contaminants in terms of total bacterial count, total and faecal coliform bacteria and qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria from the samples acquired from different sites of Yamuna river. The concentration of anionic surfactants was observed to be between 0.42-3.89 mg L-1 at Okhla barrage, which was significantly high as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO bridge. The total bacterial count of Okhla barrage was observed more as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO Bridge ranging between 9.7 × 106 to 9.1 × 108 CFU/mL. The findings of total coliform bacteria were observed to be consistently high at Wazirabad barrage ranging between 1.3 × 103 to 9.0 × 104 MPN/100 mL. Qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria showed the presence of P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., E. coli and S. aureus. Based on the results obtained in the study, it was inferred that the water quality of Yamuna river at Wazirabad barrage, ITO Bridge and Okhla barrage was poor and thus requires regular monitoring and call for immediate effective mitigation strategies.Anionic surfactants in the river, particularly downstream in Delhi, have created massive foam-like conditions which may be harmful to aquatic life and humans that come in contact. The present study focussed on the quantification of anionic surfactants, biological contaminants in terms of total bacterial count, total and faecal coliform bacteria and qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria from the samples acquired from different sites of Yamuna river. The concentration of anionic surfactants was observed to be between 0.42-3.89 mg L-1 at Okhla barrage, which was significantly high as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO bridge. The total bacterial count of Okhla barrage was observed more as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO Bridge ranging between 9.7 × 106 to 9.1 × 108 CFU/mL. The findings of total coliform bacteria were observed to be consistently high at Wazirabad barrage ranging between 1.3 × 103 to 9.0 × 104 MPN/100 mL. Qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria showed the presence of P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., E. coli and S. aureus. Based on the results obtained in the study, it was inferred that the water quality of Yamuna river at Wazirabad barrage, ITO Bridge and Okhla barrage was poor and thus requires regular monitoring and call for immediate effective mitigation strategies.

Publisher

Asian Journal of Chemistry

Subject

General Chemistry

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