Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia peplus Extract on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

In this study, the effect of Euphorbia peplus aqueous extract on human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was examined. The short and long term cytotoxicity were evaluated using sulphorhodamine B and clonogenic assays respectively. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine Euphorbia peplus-induced ultrastructural changes in MCF7 cells. The sulphorhodamine B assay revealed that Euphorbia peplus inhibits the growth of MCF7 with an IC50 of 30.32 μg/ml. The clonogenic assay proved that Euphorbia peplus' growth inhibitory effect is long lasting. The ultrastructural examination demonstrated that Euphorbia peplus extract induces MCF7 cell death. Scanning electron microscopy showed apoptotic blebbing. Transmission electron microscopy displayed cellular shrinkage, the formulation of apoptotic bodies, mitochondrial changes, nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation, autophagic vacuoles, and necrotic changes. In summary, Euphorbia peplus has displayed growth inhibitory activity against MCF7 cells and induces cell death predominantly via apoptosis and could be exploited as a breast cancer treatment after further evaluation.