Exploration of ovine milk whey proteome during postnatal development using an iTRAQ approach

Abstract

Background Ovine milk is a rich source of bioactive proteins that supports the early growth and development of the newborn lambs. A large number of researches had targeted to the identification of ovine milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMPs), caseins (CNs), mastitis milk proteins in past years, but the dynamic change tendency of milk whey proteins during postnatal development has received limited attention. This research aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of ovine milk whey proteins after delivery, and explore the functions of whey proteins on early development of the newborns. Methods In this research, Hu sheep milk samples were collected from six individuals by manual milking manner, at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 56 d after delivery, respectively. The milk whey proteins were identified and quantified by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem MS (MS/MS) methods. In addition, biological functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results A total of 310 proteins were identified , of which 121 were differentially expressed. In detail, 30 (10 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated), 22 (11 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated), 11 (four up-regulated and seven down-regulated), 11 (eight up-regulated and three down-regulated), 10 (six up-regulated and four down-regulated) DEPs were identified in 3 d vs. 0 d, 7 d vs. 3 d, 14 d vs. 7 d, 28 d vs. 14 d, 56 d vs. 28 d comparison groups, respectively. The GO annotation analysis revealed that biological process principally involved metabolic and biological regulation, the major cellular location were organelle, cell and extracellular region, and the mainly molecular function were binding and catalytic activity. Circadian rhythm, fatty acid biosynthesis and African trypanosomiasis were enriched by KEGG annotation analysis. Conclusion The study reveals a comprehensive understanding of Hu sheep milk proteome, suggesting whey proteins change dramatically in early development of newborn lambs, which provide a potential guidance for early weaning of lambs.