Characterization and complete genome sequence of Privateer, a highly prolate Proteus mirabilis podophage

Abstract

The Gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis causes a large proportion of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which are among the world’s most common nosocomial infections. Here, we characterize P. mirabilis bacteriophage Privateer, a prolate podophage of the C3 morphotype isolated from Texas wastewater treatment plant activated sludge. Basic characterization assays demonstrated Privateer has a latent period of ~40 min and average burst size around 140. In the 90.7 kb Privateer genome, 43 functions were assigned for the 144 predicted protein-coding genes. Genes encoding DNA replication proteins, DNA modification proteins, four tRNAs, lysis proteins, and structural proteins were identified. Cesium-gradient purified Privateer particles analyzed via LC-MS/MS verified the presence of several predicted structural proteins, including a longer, minor capsid protein apparently produced by translational frameshift. Comparative analysis demonstrated Privateer shares 83% nucleotide similarity with Cronobacter phage vB_CsaP_009, but low nucleotide similarity with other known phages. Predicted structural proteins in Privateer appear to have evolutionary relationships with other prolate podophages, in particular the Kuraviruses