Investigating the potential use of Sentinel-1 data for monitoring wetland water level changes in China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve

Author:

Chen Yueqing123,Qiao Sijia2,Zhang Guangxin1,Xu Y. Jun4,Chen Liwen1,Wu Lili23

Affiliation:

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China

2. School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China

3. Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China

4. School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, America

Abstract

Background Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become a promising technique for monitoring wetland water levels. However, its capability in monitoring wetland water level changes with Sentine-1 data has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Methods In this study, we produced a multitemporal Sentinel-1 C-band VV-polarized SAR backscatter images and generated a total of 28 interferometric coherence maps for marsh wetlands of China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve to investigate the interferometric coherence level of Sentinel-1 C-VV data as a function of perpendicular and temporal baseline, water depth, and SAR backscattering intensity. We also selected six interferogram pairs acquired within 24 days for quantitative analysis of the accuracy of water level changes monitored by Sentinel-1 InSAR. The accuracy of water level changes determined through the Sentinel-1 InSAR technique was calibrated by the values of six field water level loggers. Results Our study showed that (1) the coherence was mainly dependent on the temporal baseline and was little affected by the perpendicular baseline for Sentinel-1 C-VV data in marsh wetlands; (2) in the early stage of a growing season, a clear negative correlation was found between Sentinel-1 coherence and water depth; (3) there was an almost linear negative correlation between Sentinel-1 C-VV coherence and backscatter for the marsh wetlands; (4) once the coherence exceeds a threshold of 0.3, the stage during the growing season, rather than the coherence, appeared to be the primary factor determining the quality of the interferogram for the marsh wetlands, even though the quality of the interferogram largely depends on the coherence; (5) the results of water level changes from InSAR processing show no agreement with in-situ measurements during most growth stages. Based on the findings, we can conclude that although the interferometric coherence of the Sentinel-1 C-VV data is high enough, the data is generally unsuitable for monitoring water level changes in marsh wetlands of China’s Momoge National Nature Reserve.

Funder

National Key R & D Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Featured Institute Project 4

Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU

U.S. Department of Agriculture Hatch Fund project

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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