An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)

Author:

Luceño Modesto1,Villaverde Tamara12,Márquez-Corro José Ignacio1ORCID,Sánchez-Villegas Rogelio1,Maguilla Enrique3ORCID,Escudero Marcial3ORCID,Jiménez-Mejías Pedro4ORCID,Sánchez-Villegas Manuel1,Miguez Monica1ORCID,Benítez-Benítez Carmen1,Muasya A. Muthama5ORCID,Martín-Bravo Santiago1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Botany area, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Seville, Spain

2. Department of Biology and Geology, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Almería, Spain

3. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Seville, Spain

4. Department of Biology, Botany area, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain

5. Department of Biological Sciences, Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, South Africa

Abstract

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.

Funder

Spanish Ministries of Science grants

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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