Phylogeography and population genetics of the endemic Malagasy bat,Macronycteris commersonis.s. (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)

Author:

Rakotoarivelo Andrinajoro R.123,Goodman Steven M.45,Schoeman M. Corrie6,Willows-Munro Sandi2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa

2. School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

3. Natiora Ahy, Antananarivo, Madagascar

4. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America

5. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar

6. School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

Abstract

Macronycteris commersoni(Hipposideridae), a bat species endemic to Madagascar, is widespread across the island and utilizes a range of habitat types including open woodland, degraded habitats, and forested areas from sea level to 1,325 m. Despite being widely distributed, there is evidence thatM. commersoniexhibits morphological and bioacoustic variation across its geographical range. We investigated the fine-scale phylogeographic structure of populations in the western half of the island using extensive spatial sampling and sequence data from two mitochondrial DNA regions. Our results indicated several lineages withinM. commersoni.Individuals collected from northern Madagascar formed a single monophyletic clade (clade C). A second clade (clade B) included individuals collected from the south-western portion of the island. This second clade displayed more phylogeographical partitioning with differences in mtDNA haplotypes frequency detected between populations collected in different bioclimatic regions. Lineage dispersal, genetic divergence, and timing of expansion events ofM.commersoniwere probably associated with Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Our data suggest that the northern and the central western regions of Madagascar may have acted as refugia for this species during periods of cooler and drier climate conditions associated with the Pleistocene.

Funder

University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences

The Field Museum/IDP Foundation, Inc

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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