Affiliation:
1. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
Abstract
Background
One reason for the development of insulin resistance is the chronic inflammation in obesity.
Materials & Methods
Scientific articles in the field of knowledge on the involvement of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in obesity and type 2 diabetes were analyzed.
Results
Oxidative stress developed during obesity contributes to the formation of peroxynitrite, which causes cytochrome C-related damage in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress contributes to the nuclease activity of the mitochondrial matrix, which leads to the accumulation of cleaved fragments and an increase in heteroplasmy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA variations during insulin resistance may be connected with a change in ATP levels, generation of ROS, mitochondrial division/fusion and mitophagy. This review discusses the main role of mitochondria in the development of insulin resistance, which leads to pathological processes in insulin-dependent tissues, and considers potential therapeutic directions based on the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. In this regard, the development of drugs aimed at the regulation of these processes is gaining attention.
Conclusion
Changes in the mtDNA copy number can help to protect mitochondria from severe damage during conditions of increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial proteome studies are conducted to search for potential therapeutic targets. The use of mitochondrial peptides encoded by mtDNA also represents a promising new approach to therapy.
Funder
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Kaliningrad Region
The State Assignment
Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience
Cited by
20 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献