Biological effects of carbon nanotubes generated in forest wildfire ecosystems rich in resinous trees on native plants

Author:

Lara-Romero Javier1,Campos-García Jesús2,Dasgupta-Schubert Nabanita3,Borjas-García Salomón3,Tiwari DK3,Paraguay-Delgado Francisco4,Jiménez-Sandoval Sergio5,Alonso-Nuñez Gabriel6,Gómez-Romero Mariela7,Lindig-Cisneros Roberto7,Reyes De la Cruz Homero2,Villegas Javier A.2

Affiliation:

1. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México

2. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México

3. CONACYT-El Colegio de Michoacán/Ladipa, La Piedad, México

4. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Chihuahua, México

5. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Querétaro, Querétaro, México

6. Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

7. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a broad range of applications and are generally considered human-engineered nanomaterials. However, carbon nanostructures have been found in ice cores and oil wells, suggesting that nature may provide appropriate conditions for CNT synthesis. During forest wildfires, materials such as turpentine and conifer tissues containing iron under high temperatures may create chemical conditions favorable for CNT generation, similar to those in synthetic methods. Here, we show evidence of naturally occurring multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced from Pinus oocarpa and Pinus pseudostrobus, following a forest wildfire. The MWCNTs showed an average of 10 walls, with internal diameters of ∼2.5 nm and outer diameters of ∼14.5 nm. To verify whether MWCNT generation during forest wildfires has a biological effect on some characteristic plant species of these ecosystems, germination and development of seedlings were conducted. Results show that the utilization of comparable synthetic MWCNTs increased seed germination rates and the development of Lupinus elegans and Eysenhardtia polystachya, two plants species found in the burned forest ecosystem. The finding provides evidence that supports the generation and possible ecological functions of MWCNTs in nature.

Funder

CONACYT

C.I.C.

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

Reference30 articles.

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3. Conditions for establishment of a key restoration species, Lupinus elegans Kunth, in a Mexican temperate forest;Díaz-Rodriguez;Botanical Sciences,2013

4. Detection of carbon nanotubes in environmental matrices using programmed thermal analysis;Doudrick;Environmental Science & Technology,2012

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