The use of silver diamine fluoride to prevent/treat enamel carious lesions: a narrative review

Abstract

This comprehensive literature review examines the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for the prevention and treatment of enamel carious lesions. SDF has been approved by different international drug associations as a caries-preventing agent to be used on deep carious lesions (dentin). However, SDF can cause staining of exposed tooth structures. Furthermore, the effect of SDF on the bond of adhesives to the tooth structure is still being determined. This review explores various studies on the use of SDF to treat enamel carious lesions, highlighting its effectiveness and preventive action. The literature suggests that SDF inhibits bacterial growth, promotes remineralization, and does not negatively affect adhesive retentions. Potassium iodide (KI) or glutathione (GSH) can reduce staining and discoloration. However, the reviewed studies have limitations. Further research, including well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to validate the findings and evaluate the long-term implications of SDF treatment. Conclusion: Despite the above-mentioned limitations, SDF shows potential as a therapy for enamel caries prevention, remineralization, and use as an adjuvant to other dental treatments, warranting further investigation and the refinement of application methods.