Long-term outcomes and predictors of patients with ST elevated versus non-ST elevated myocardial infarctions in non-obstructive coronary arteries: a retrospective study in Northern China

Abstract

Background Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a heterogeneous disease entity with diverse etiologies and no uniform treatment protocols. Patients with MINOCA can be clinically classified into two groups based on whether they have an ST-segment elevation (STE) or non-ST segment elevation (NSTE), based on electrocardiogram (ECG) results, whose clinical prognosis is unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcomes and predictors of patients with STE and NSTE in the MINOCA population. Methods We collected the data for 196 patients with MINOCA (115 with STE and 81 with NSTE) in China. Clinical characteristics, prognoses, and predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were analyzed during the follow-up of all patients. Results The proportion of patients with STE was greater than that with NSTE in the MINOCA population. Patients with NSTE were older and had a higher incidence of hypertension. No differences were observed in the outcomes between the STE and NSTE groups during a median follow-up period of 49 (37,46) months. No significant differences were observed in those with MACE (24.35% vs 22.22%, P = 0.73) and those without MACE. The multivariable predictors of MACE in the NSTE groups were Killip grades ≥ 2 (HR 9.035, CI 95% [1.657–49.263], P = 0.011), reduced use of β-blockers during hospitalization (HR 0.238, CI 95% [0.072–0.788], P = 0.019), and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (HR 2.267, CI 95% [1.008–5.097], P = 0.048); the reduced use of β-blockers during hospitalization was the only independent risk factor of MACE in the STE group. Conclusions There were differences between the clinical characteristics of patients with STE and NSTE in the MINOCA population, even though outcomes during follow-up were similar. Independent risk factors for major adverse cardiac events were not identical in the STE and NSTE groups, which could be attributable to the differences in disease pathogenesis.