Epidemiological characteristics and factors affecting length of hospital stay for children and adults with burns in Zunyi, China: a retrospective study

Abstract

Objective Burn wounds are a global public health problem, and a large number of casualties are caused by burns each year. In this study, we explored the epidemiological characteristics associated with burns and the factors affecting the length of hospital stay (LOS) in children and adults with burn wounds. Methods Records of patients with burns in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 1, 2014 to August 31, 2016 were retrieved. Information on demographic characteristics, mechanism of burns, first treatment received, clinical details of burns, and LOS were extracted from hospital medical records. Results A total of 465 children and 327 adults with burns were identified over about 2.5 years. The ratio of male to female children with burn wounds was 1.6 and 2.3 in adults. The epidemiological characteristics of burns, including gender, season, location, etiology, degree and site, differed between children and adults. There were differences in external remedies used (e.g., traditional Chinese medicine powder) and wound protection (towels covering wounds) between children and adults, but few patients had both protected wounds and did not use external remedies. LOS was reduced with age (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.993) and skin grafting (HR = 0.339). LOS increased with the male gender (HR = 1.234), deep partial thickness burns (HR = 3.128), and full-thickness burns (HR = 1.791). LOS was increased when total body surface area (TBSA) of burns reached from 10% to 29% (HR = 3.978), when TBSA was greater than 30% (HR = 1.787), and heat vs. non-heat etiologies (HR = 1.497). Conclusion Our findings for the epidemiological characteristics of burns in children and adults in Zunyi will help with a targeted awareness campaign and improve knowledge of first-aid and wound treatment.