Intelligent decision making for energy efficient fog nodes selection and smart switching in the IOT: a machine learning approach

Abstract

With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a huge amount of data is generated, which is costly to transfer to the cloud data centers in terms of security, bandwidth, and latency. Fog computing is an efficient paradigm for locally processing and manipulating IoT-generated data. It is difficult to configure the fog nodes to provide all of the services required by the end devices because of the static configuration, poor processing, and storage capacities. To enhance fog nodes’ capabilities, it is essential to reconfigure them to accommodate a broader range and variety of hosted services. In this study, we focus on the placement of fog services and their dynamic reconfiguration in response to the end-device requests. Due to its growing successes and popularity in the IoT era, the Decision Tree (DT) machine learning model is implemented to predict the occurrence of requests and events in advance. The DT model enables the fog nodes to predict requests for a specific service in advance and reconfigure the fog node accordingly. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of high throughput, minimized energy consumption, and dynamic fog node smart switching. The simulation results demonstrate a notable increase in the fog node hit ratios, scaling up to 99% for the majority of services concurrently with a substantial reduction in miss ratios. Furthermore, the energy consumption is greatly reduced by over 50% as compared to a static node.