Efficacy of propolis extract and eye drop solutions to suppress encystation and excystation of <i>Acanthamoeba triangularis</i> WU19001-T4 genotype-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Efficacy of propolis extract and eye drop solutions to suppress encystation and excystation of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001-T4 genotype

Published:2024-04-11 Issue: Volume:12 Page:e16937
ISSN:2167-8359
Container-title:PeerJ
language:en
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Author:

Sangkanu Suthinee¹,Siyadatpanah Abolghasem²,Norouzi Roghayeh³,Chuprom Julalak⁴,Mitsuwan Watcharapong⁵,Surinkaew Sirirat⁶,Boonhok Rachasak⁶^ORCID,Paul Alok K.⁷^ORCID,Mahboob Tooba⁸,Sama-ae Imran⁹,Oliveira Sonia M. R.¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Jimoh Tajudeen O.¹²¹³,Pereira Maria de Lourdes¹⁰¹⁴,Wilairatana Polrat¹⁵,Wiart Christophe¹⁶,Rahmatullah Mohammed¹⁷,Sakolnapa Monvaris¹⁸,Nissapatorn Veeranoot¹

Affiliation:

1. School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

2. Department of Microbiology, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

3. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4. School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

5. Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

6. Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

7. School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

8. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

9. Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

10. CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

11. Hunter Medical Institute, Hunter Medical Research Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Whales, Australia

12. Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

13. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda

14. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

15. Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

16. Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia

17. Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh

18. School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

Abstract

Background Propolis is a natural resinous product from a variety of plants and combines it with beeswax and salivary enzymes to create bee glue. Its potentials have been employed in the treatment of many diseases and conditions for centuries. This study, therefore, aims to determine the anti-Acanthamoeba properties of the propolis extract, eye drops coupled to some mechanisms such as inhibition of encystation and excystation. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the most active propolis extract were assessed in trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba triangularis (A. triangularis) at 0.256 and 1 mg/mL, respectively. Results Active eye drops inhibited trophozoites and cysts with a MIC value of 100%. At concentrations lower than their MICs values (1/2–1/16 MIC), propolis and eye drops revealed inhibition of encystation. In addition, at 1/2 MIC, both the propolis extract and eye drops showed potential inhibition of excystation. In combined sets of propolis extract and eye drops, they showed slightly increasing inhibition of encystation and excystation. Surprisingly, the MIC of chlorhexidine decreased when combined with the propolis and eye drops. SEM and TEM images displayed morphological changes in A. triangularis treated with combined sets of propolis extract and eye drops. Conclusion From this study, a new combined eye drop solution with propolis extract was found to be helpful in reducing encystation and excystation in A. triangularis. Therefore, this combination is an alternative for the treatment of eye diseases in early stages along with reducing the entry into the cyst stage of Acanthamoeba. The results of this study revealed new anti-Acanthamoeba inhibitors with promising combined alternative therapeutic potential for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Funder

Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn—Botanical Garden of Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat

School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Thailand

Publisher

PeerJ

Link

https://peerj.com/articles/16937.pdf

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