Mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis and colorectal cancer risk: Analysis and prospective interventions

Abstract

This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Research indicates that gut microbiota imbalance may promote the occurrence and development of CRC through various pathways, including microbial metabolites, inflammatory responses, and alterations in the immune microenvironment. Specific mechanisms involve reducing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increasing secondary bile acids, enhanced intestinal permeability, and gene-environment interactions. Interventions targeting these mechanisms, such as dietary regulation, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show potential in CRC prevention. Future research should focus on personalized treatments and the advancement of precision medicine, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the comprehensive understanding and clinical application of gut microbiota in relation to CRC.